Aqoonta aasaasiga ah ee qalabka birta (1)

Birta doofaarka iyo birta ayaa si wada jir ah loogu tilmaamaa biraha birta ah.Birtu waa qaybteeda ugu muhiimsan waxayna sidoo kale ka kooban tahay xaddi kaarboon ah iyo xubno kale oo raad raac ah.Alloys-ka leh kaarboonka wax ka yar 2.11% (mass) waxaa loo yaqaan bir, alwaaxyada leh kaarboonka ka weyn ama la mid ah 2.11% (mass) waxaa lagu magacaabaa birta doofaarka.

Birta doofaarka waxa loo qaybin karaa birta doofaarka ee birta samaynta (sidoo kale loo yaqaan birta cad) iyo birta doofaarka ee shubka.

Birta shubka ah waxaa loo tixraacaa sida birta shubka ah.Marka loo eego sifooyinka qaabka graphite, birta kabka waxaa loo qaybin karaa qaybaha soo socda: birta cawl, oo loo yaqaan HT;birta shubka ah, oo loo yaqaan QT;birta shubka u adkaysata daxalka;birta kale ee shubka ah, sida birta shubka u adkeysata kulaylka iyo kabka birta malleable.

Tuubooyinka cadaadiska birta ah iyo qalabyada lagu xidho maaha kuwo si weyn looga soo saaro Maraykanka iyo wadamada kale, laakiin waxa laga yaabaa in wadamo badan laga soo saaro wadamada qaarkood.Tuubooyinka cadaadiska birta ee birta ah ayaa bedelay tuubooyinka cadaadiska birta.Tilmaamaha caadiga ah ee khuseeya waxaa ka mid ah: ASME B16.3, ASME B16.4, ASME B16.12, ASME B16.42, ASMEB16.42, ASTM A74, ASTM A126, AWWA C110, AWWA C111, AWWA C150, AWWA C153, iwm.

Birtu asal ahaan waa alloy.Qaybta ugu muhiimsan waa birta iyo qadar yar oo kaarboon ah.Waxa kale oo ku jira walxaha raadraaca sida silicon, manganese, fosfooraska, baaruudka, chromium, nikkel, molybdenum, tungsten iyo vanadium.Kala soocida birta ayaa lagu muujiyay shaxanka